Cultivation of Two Barnyard Varieties Improves Physicochemical Properties of Saline-Alkali Land through Mediating Rhizospheric Microbiome and Metabolome

The present study was conducted to compare the effect of two barnyard millet varieties viz. Echinochloa frumentacea (L.) (HNJZ) and crusgalli var. austro-japonensis (BZ), on fertility physicochemical properties alkaline soil Ningxia, China. Soil rhizosphere BZ HNJZ with three replicates (5 plants from each replicate) were collected for bacterial communities metagenomic profiling six samples treatment untargeted-metabolomic analysis. Results revealed significant (p < 0.05) improvement in both at 0–20 cm depth than 20–40 by decreasing alkalinity pH, while increasing organic matter. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria most abundant phyla, whereas Megamonas, uncharacterized_Acidobacteria, Halomonas genera. No difference alpha diversity parameters observed between rhizospheres. Relative abundance Cellvibrio Devosia increased HNJZ, Arenimonas, Gillisia, Sphingomonas, uncharacterized_Gammaproteobacteria, Lysobacter significantly Beta analysis more diverse structure higher Firmicutes ratio. Non-targeted metabolomic biosynthesis alkaloids, histamine H2/H3 receptor agonists/antagonists, arginine/proline metabolism as top enriched KEGG pathways. indicated that contributed reclamation saline-alkali through reducing total salts,